Now an open-access working paper.
By Ernesto Castañeda, PhD, Edgar Aguilar, Natalie Turkington
Introduction: There is a common sentiment in the United States and other countries that immigration is a threat to the economy and the working class. This report shows why such an assessment is incorrect. Immigration produces economic growth and more jobs and, therefore, can be a mechanism for improvements in the income of most native-born citizens. We make this argument by looking at migration as a source of needed labor that fills the voids in a country’s labor market. Rather than seeking costly antiimmigrant policies, countries should pursue policies to maximize the benefits of immigration.
Different public opinion polls show that two of the biggest fears are that immigrants might reduce the number of jobs available for U.S. citizens and that they might increase demands for government services. For example, a 2021 poll showed that 51% of people in the United States worry that migration over time could reduce jobs available, 34% worried that immigration reduces wages, and 59% worried that immigration could lead to too many demands on government services.[1] Nonetheless, the same poll shows that support for immigration has increased over the past several decades. This sympathy towards immigrants might be surprising given the statements by some politicians and loud anti-immigration groups. Yet, many other polls show similar results where public opinion is more in favor of immigrants than it would seem from media coverage of anti-immigrant politicians.
Another specific fear is that immigrants take jobs away from the nativeborn citizens in the working class. However, evidence suggests that more immigration creates a positive net effect for the country by creating wealth, reducing the price of goods, and allowing the native-born working class to access better-paying jobs.
Ahora un papel de acceso-abierto.
Por Ernesto Castañeda, PhD, Edgar Aguilar, Natalie Turkington
Introducción: Existe un sentimiento común en los Estados Unidos y otros países de que la inmigración es una amenaza a la economía y a la clase trabajadora. Este informe muestra por qué tal apreciación es incorrecta. La inmigración promueve el crecimiento económico y más empleos, y, por tanto, puede ser un mecanismo para mejorar los ingresos de muchos ciudadanos locales. En nuestro argumento analizamos la migración como una fuente de la mano de obra necesaria para llenar los vacíos en el mercado laboral de un país. En lugar de buscar costosas políticas antiinmigración, los países deberían adoptar políticas para maximizar los beneficios de la migración.
Diferentes encuestas de opinión pública muestran que dos de los mayores temores son que los inmigrantes reduzcan el número de puestos de trabajo disponibles para ciudadanos estadounidenses y que aumenten la demanda de servicios públicos. Por ejemplo, una encuesta de 2021 mostraba que al 51% de los estadounidenses les preocupa de que la migración pueda reducir los puestos de trabajo disponibles, al 34% le preocupa que la inmigración reduzca los salarios y al 59% le preocupa que la inmigración pueda generar demasiadas demandas en los servicios públicos [1]. No obstante, esta misma encuesta muestra que el apoyo a la inmigración ha aumentado en las últimas décadas. Esta simpatía hacia los inmigrantes podría sorprender dadas las declaraciones de algunos políticos y grupos ruidosos que se oponen a la inmigración. Sin embargo, muchas otras encuestas muestran resultados similares en los que la opinión pública está más a favor de los inmigrantes de lo que parece por la cobertura mediática de los actores antiinmigrantes.
Otro temor concreto es que los inmigrantes quiten puestos de trabajo de los ciudadanos de clase trabajadora. Sin embargo, está demostrado que una mayor inmigración tiene un efecto neto positivo para el país, ya que crea riqueza, reduce el precio de los bienes y permite a la clase trabajadora nativa acceder a empleos mejor remunerados.
Now an open-access published paper.
Abstract: The Latin population in the United States has received relatively little attention despite their vulnerability to COVID-19 during the current pandemic. On Monday, May 4, 2020, the City of El Paso recorded 1,029 cases and 22 deaths. With rising rates of infection and the recent resignation of the city’s Public Health Director, El Paso and the region must take proactive precautions to suppress the spread of the virus. To assess the possible impact of COVID-19 in El Paso, we constructed a risk assessment about the populations that could be at higher risk. To do this, we used detailed survey data on health from a sample of 1,152 Hispanic individuals that was gathered with the support of NIH in 2011. To understand how COVID-19 may impact the Latin residents of El Paso, we analyzed risk factors associated with the virus on their own as well as interacting with each other.
Castañeda, Ernesto, and Natalie Schwarz.* “Immigration to Switzerland: Right Wing Opposition and Immigrant Anti-mobilizing Discourses.”
Castañeda, Ernesto, Curtis Smith,* and Brian Diedrich.* “How to Conduct Ethical Research with the Homeless.”
Zamora-Kapoor, Anna and Ernesto Castañeda. “A cross-regional analysis of anti-immigrant sentiment.”
Castañeda, Ernesto. “Differences in Mental Health Indicators between Native-Born and Foreign-Born Hispanic Populations.”
Castañeda, Ernesto, Curtis Smith, Holly Mata, Maria Flores, Hector Olvera, and William Medina-Jerez. “Housing that Really Works: Immigrant Integration and Public Housing in the Southwest.”
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